Patient verification Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tolerant confirmation - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the patient can genuinely introduce a report of distinguishing proof like a driver’s permit or government managed savings card. These qualifications or reports find a put away biometric format typically connected to it from a past enlistment. After arrangement of the accreditation or archive, the patient outputs their biometric. The caught layout gets thought about against the put away format which has been situated with the archives. After this, what follows is the affirmation or disavowal of the patient’s asserted character by the biometric filter which gets bolstered by verbal affirmation to a recognizable proof name. The fundamental region where understanding misidentification may happen is during blood transfusions, careful mediations and medication organization. Tolerant check happens when a medicinal services specialist can affirm that the character archives given by the patient match those on the patient’s personality reports. Measureme nts Recent insights show that there have been 40% instances of patient misidentification. In the whole human services industry, absence of appropriate patient confirmation brings about an inappropriate individual methodology, release of newborn children to an inappropriate families, prescription blunders, testing mistakes and furthermore blood transfusion mistakes. As indicated by the United States Patient Safety Agency, there were in excess of 100 instances of patient misidentification somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2003. ... This can be credited to new advancements like bar coding that have improved the procedure of patient confirmation. Such mediations have end up being very savvy in the human services industry. Suggestions Since persistent misidentification has been noted to be the reason for some root mistakes, different measures have been taken to control the issue. The Joint Commission of the United States made improvement of patient distinguishing proof precision its concentration in the National Patient Safety Goals presented in 2003 (Marie, 2009). This despite everything keeps on being a necessity for accreditation. The National Priorities Partnership and National database of nursing quality pointers show that tolerant misidentification acts like one of the most genuine dangers to the security of patients. It cuts over the whole human services practice and, consequently, is an issue of significant concern. The ramifications of patient misidentification is that a great many individuals get harmed by the wellbeing framework the look for help. This builds the requirement for constraining working hours for social insurance individuals whereby an expanded number of laborers care for every patient (WHO, 2007). The National Patient Safety Agency chose to consolidate the NHS number so as to decrease and conceivably alleviate the dangers of patient misidentification. Improving quality There are different ways that upgrade quality concerning tolerant confirmation. This can complete by guaranteeing that all parts of the administration of patient confirmation conform to the current suggestions from the National Safety Agency. There must be clear methodology and measures for medicinal services laborers associated with understanding check (Medscape, 2013). These guidelines give a structure to the necessary hard working attitudes and, in this manner, relieve the danger of

Ethical Issues on Accounting Essay

Society is made out of numerous establishments that have different reason and position. These establishments may at some point have repudiating objectives. Cash is something individuals buckle down for making it such a touchy issue. Questions with respect to cash are frequently entrapped in substantial debates and are difficult to settle. The bookkeeping is the field that represents considerable authority in the activity of dealing with different people’s cash issues. Amusingly, the bookkeeping business has been shelled by discussions with respect to how they carry out their responsibility and how they settle debates if there are any. Rehearsing bookkeepers subsequently built up a picture of being either carefully proficient or, even from a pessimistic standpoint, unscrupulous. Tragically for the bookkeeping field, it is considered by numerous that ethical guidelines of this field are falling apart. This is the place morals become possibly the most important factor. It is extremely tricky to gauge issues without a lot of shows to direct them in the dynamic. Morals came structure the Latin â€Å"ethos†, that implies character and customs. Morals essentially manages how individuals associate with one another. Morals additionally sets what is fortunate or unfortunate, set in stone yet certainly a lot more extensive than the basic ideas of the rightness or misleading quality of things (Cornwell University Law School). On the scholarly terms, morals relates to not simply close to home sentiments, religion, laws. Sentiments more often than not drives us to do deceptive acts. Being strict too doesn’t fundamentally imply that one is being moral. Obviously, religion sets exceptionally high moral measures. In any case, not all individuals are strict, non-strict individuals additionally have their own moral norms. Additionally, being moral doesn’t essentially mean submitting to the law. The vast majority see the law as having indistinguishable grounds from morals. Laws are defined to satisfy moral guidelines. Yet, similar to emotions, the law can have certain predispositions, accordingly can be some of the time can be seen as deceptive. Since morals is fundamentally right or wrong, it ends up being a significant apparatus such risky fields, for example, bookkeeping. Codes of expert direct Many fields of calling plan an exceptionally evolved point by point set of codes to control them in their training. They have apportioned a lot of their time and assets just to think of these codes. These arrangement of codes are all the more generally viewed as â€Å"professional codes. † For the situation of bookkeeping, The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or AICPA has Codes of Professional Conduct which fills in as moral reference. A lot of these codes were later converged with the open law. The converging of the codes to the law gave it substantially more enforceability. Putting aside the specialized instruction, bookkeeping students were likewise given morals courses before they lead practice in the field. They may have talked about essential moral. They may have been provided a talk of the codes of expert lead. The for the most part acknowledged arrangement of codes for bookkeeping is provided by the AICPA. One of the essential elements of the AICPA is simply the significant job in the guideline of rehearsing bookkeepers. Dominant part of the AICPA’s assets is committed to building up the â€Å"professional codes† for CPA specialists. Beside the codes of expert lead, there is additionally GAAP or the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Much the same as the codes of expert direct, the GAAP fills in as an update that bookkeeping professionals should remember that they need to follow certain ethical rules. It additionally incorporates rules and the concurred sanctions if these standards were disregarded. The Codes of Professional Conduct and GAAP both remind bookkeeping experts that they should do their capacity dependably. Fundamentally, both these arrangements of good codes expresses that bookkeepers ought not submit fakes regardless of whether the enticement of individual increase is pervasive. The codes and standards likewise remind them not to damage the set guidelines for it could mean substantial authorizations like revoking of licenses. The utilization of expert codes is one approach to determine moral weakening in the bookkeeping calling. Then again, it very well may be seen as narrow minded with respect to bookkeepers as it just notices to their individualistic objectives. Additionally, having a lot of moral codes awards bookkeepers a picture of dependability and skill. Bookkeeping is a field that has a popularity by the general population. The general population, with all their cash, needs bookkeeping administrations so they could invest their valuable energy winning more cash as opposed to the overwhelming errand of arranging it. Bookkeeping, the same number of sees, is a specialized field, so bookkeepers commit themselves to the mind boggling specialized parts of the field forgetting about on virtues. Bookkeeper themselves consider themselves to be experts that doesn’t require moral codes to direct practice. Bookkeepers build up a mentality which can be comprehensively portrayed as absence of joining moral judgment on their work. Specialists coin this as â€Å"ethical disharmony. † Ethical cacophony in bookkeeping relates to the mentality of bookkeepers to regard their picked field as totally ethically impartial. As the word recommends, moral discord is extremely inclined to clashes. Bookkeepers enduring moral discord have an alternate arrangement of good codes, or even from a pessimistic standpoint without any, so clashes with different foundations will be exceptionally difficult to determine. The base of this issue is detectable to different issues such as â€Å"self-regulation† rehearsed by the bookkeeping field. Self-guideline Self-guideline of the bookkeeping field essentially implies that the bookkeeping field itself makes their own arrangement of codes instead of removing it from the general public. Self-guideline can be something acceptable as it can give the field of bookkeeping more spotlight on their field. Self-guideline picked up ubiquity as it is viewed as â€Å"effective control† and the most proficient instrument for limiting blunders. Bookkeepers get a few benefits that different individuals from the general public don’t have. This incorporates the selective option to figure out who can accomplish the bookkeeping work and how it ought to be finished. These extraordinary benefits are allowed to them by the state. In any case, their procured â€Å"autonomy† doesn’t come free. As a demonstration of kindness, the bookkeeping calling currently troubles having uncommon open interests obligations that they should keep high fitness and high moral gauges (Gaa, 1994). When the guidelines are settled upon, it is formalized by law or by associations of a similar field. The associations screen and punish its individuals on the off chance that they stand or abuse the concurred guidelines. In the event that infringement are accounted for, examinations are finished by the legislature or the association, where the violator is a part. Additionally self-guideline permits bookkeepers have more concentration as they wouldn’t invest energy and exertion creating proficient codes. Self-guideline can impel clashes in light of the fact that at long last it should change in accordance with what the open needs. For some bookkeeping specialists, self guideline in bookkeeping can't work appropriately. Whenever removed a redundant importance, they are just directing themselves of what they ought to do and those that they can't abuse. The general population and the bookkeeping field is both separated in this issue. A few people will in general go with the choice to leave their money related issues to their bookkeepers (Gowthorpe and Blake, 1998, pp. 1-3). They wouldn’t question anyway the bookkeepers will carry out the responsibility. In this regard, they remember it that the bookkeepers are the masters in this field. Thus they don’t trouble in interfering (or contending) with their bookkeepers. The hazy area of this point is that it is exceptionally inclined to misbehavior, planned or unintended, that can prompt moral clashes between the general population and the bookkeeping field. Since the ethical code is self-managed, what might be correct or wrong for the bookkeepers might be negating to those of general society. Notwithstanding, if the state gave the bookkeeping business self-sufficiency, it implies they are given more weight than different establishments. In this sense it is very dishonest for the state have certain predispositions. Besides if the bookkeeping business is given this independence, consequently they ought to give the open quality and fair help with high respects to moral measures and capability. Moral passes in bookkeeping I have gained instances of morals in real life in the bookkeeping field. I won't name the specific organizations required as it is deceptive. Maybe probably the greatest affirmation of moral unfortunate behavior in bookkeeping was finished by an insurance agency by trading protection advantages for misleadingly increment their development. This is a case of a â€Å"end legitimize the methods. † The insurance agency had just idea of its own great not disapproving of how their activity influences others. With their falsely stuffed system net, financial specialists are attracted to hazard their cash on an organization that has not proceeded as the unconsciously misdirected investigators state. (Flanagan, 2007, pp 38-46) Another moral slip by in bookkeeping is segregation. Some insurance agencies have sex, racial, and age related inclinations before they sell their administration. This demonstration of segregation is exceptionally dishonest in light of the fact that it repudiates the obligation of bookkeepers to the general population. Investigates discovered that sex appears to greatly affect dealings (Flanagan, 2007, pp. 60-64). (a) Women appear to be more prominent in number as far as money related questions. During exchanges, ladies favor being seen as sensible. Men are blessed to receive have increasingly financial direction so they can expand monetary salary. Ladies are blessed to receive have heaps of self-question about their budgetary capacities so they would need to settle with littler money related repayments. A few organizations see this as hazard to their monetary increase so they deceptively dismiss littler repayments. Ladies are purportedly to have lesser triumphs

Assigments And Case Study Example

Assigments And Case Study Example Assigments And Case Study â€" Coursework Example > Questions and Case Study Homework IIChapter 9-14 Central Michigan UniversityChapter 9 Q1. What are chief reasons union members reject tentative agreements? There are many reasons why union members reject tentative agreements. The first and foremost is that they feel that these agreements do not fulfill their needs and requirements that they want accomplished at the workplace. In addition is the members concern of the economy. Economic activity usually plummets due to rejection percentages. Another reason is the outcome of internal union politics. There are times when a small amount of majorities participate in the election of union leaders. In return the opposing candidate will campaign in opposition to any labor agreement that the serving leader bargained. Another reason why the union members might not agree with the tentative agreements is because of the wage and compensation factors because they might believe that the external equity of the company is lower and they are paid le ss than what their friends are paid employed at the same position in some another organization. Chapter 10 Q3. Why does a typical grievance procedure have so many steps when the employee is either right or wrong and one- or two-steps procedure would save time and money? In your answer discuss the various functions, opportunities, and problems each of the grievance steps can offer. The last phase of labor relations is contract administration which involves application and enforcement of labor contract in the workplace. Dispute occasionally arises between labor and management over such issues as who should be promoted or whether an employee has abused sick leave privileges. The mechanism preferred by most union and management to settle disputes is the grievance procedure which is a systematic step-by-step procedure designed to settle disputes regarding the interpretation of labor contract. Although employees may attempt to settle their grievance through such alternatives as an open- door policy or a meeting with employee relations representative in HR department and even the managers like to solve the problem as quick as possible; because it will save time and money (i. e. management feels uneasy to follow through with back pay to an employee who might remain unemployed until every issue has been determined) but grievance procedures under union contracts have two significant advantages for employees that no other human resource management provide can provide: The grievance procedure provides the employee with an advocate dedicated to representing the employee’s case to management. This representative is called union steward. Under any other system used to handle grievances, the employee is represented by someone who is either a manager or an agent of management. Such people obviously cannot be entirely dedicated to the employee’s position, The last step in the grievance procedure is arbitration, a quasi-judicial process that is binding on both parties. Th e arbitrator is a neutral person selected from outside the firm and compensated by both the union and management. Unlike grievance panel which are composed of people on the company payroll, the arbitrator has no personal stake in the outcome and can make a tough decision without worrying about how it will affect his or her career.

Language Is A Method Of Human Communication - 1350 Words

Language is a method of human communication, one of the most important things all humans have in common. In Dillon’s Grammar Repair textbook, she mentions that language is power and those who can exercise its power â€Å"possess a greater share of life’s privileges across the board† (1). Language greatly defines the person and how they are deceived by others. In the essays â€Å"Mother Tongue,† â€Å"The Meanings of a Word,† and â€Å"But What Do You Mean?† language is depicted as a controller of our lives in the workplace and our community. The individual’s communication methods dominated their impressions on society. In Tan’s essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue,† she explains her use of mother tongue, not only as the language her mother speaks but the language she grew up with and still uses even with her husband. Amy writes how her mother’s limited English has not only limited her mother but the way the world sees and j udges her. In her essay she states that she has described her mother’s language as â€Å"‘broken’ or ‘fractured English† (Tan 264). Labeling one’s English as broken can often label the speaker as incoherent and uneducated. Just like Tan’s mother, many who speak an imperfect language are often overlooked and ignored in our society. Language, although its purpose is to unite us, can very much as well as be used to alienate an individual. It is key to establish and define our identity and our place in the world but if we are constantly excluding people with limited English skills than we areShow MoreRelatedLanguage Is The Method Of Human Communication1008 Words   |  5 Pages There is always confusion on whether culture and language go hand in hand. Culture is something that is brought through years of tradition and it is something that we are born with. We are born with doing things a certain way because of our culture . 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The way I would email my professor is probably the exact opposite of how I wouldRead MoreLanguage Is The Method Of Human Communication Essay1935 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Oxford English dictionary, the definition of language is - the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way. It is just an abstract system of symbols and meanings, with a set of rules known as gram mars. It is an important tool that distinguishes between man and animal†¦.But, is it really just a tool for communication? Our first language, the beautiful sounds of which one hears and gets familiar with beforeRead MoreEvolution Of Gesture And Vocal Communication1538 Words   |  7 PagesGesture and Vocal Communication in Primates Introduction Apes are the model organisms in the field of animal communication and neuro-scientific studies. Apes DNA is about 98.6% similar to humans possessing cognitive, emotional and psychological characteristic which closely resemble humans. Not long ago scientists started studying primates because of these characteristics and most of the work is in the field of cognitive and behavioral neuroscience. Phylogenetically, primates and human fall under theRead MoreCognitive Process Associated with Language Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Processes Associated With Language Gwendolyn Spillman, University of Phoenix Cognitive Psychology PSYCH/640 Gaston Weisz March 21, 2014 Cognitive Processes Associated With Language Language is a cognitive function that most humans take for granted. The basic means of communication among individuals is through language. Language allows people to communicate with each other, share his or her thoughts and feelings, share ideas and concepts, fears, and affirmations. 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It has also changed the ways in which we think and use language, both for the better and for the worse. On one hand, certain free-associative skills have been sharpened. Hyper-linking on the web allowsRead MoreThe Scientific Method Of Experimental Testing1425 Words   |  6 PagesAnswer #1 Scientific Method The scientific method can be defined as a technique for research where the problem is known, appropriate data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from the data, and the hypothesis is tested firsthand. Gauch (2003) defines the scientific method as a highly variable and creative process and states that it is often misrepresented as a fixed sequence of steps although the scientific method of research has four steps. The first step is the observation, which serves asRead MoreCommunication Is The Basic Of Human Existence1163 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt that, communication plays a very important role in our daily life, some people consider that it’s the basic of human existence (Nà ©meth, 2015). But what is communication and why it is so important for us? Today I will talk about â€Å"communication† and discuss its importance. Long time ago , ancestors of human beings were living in caves, picked fruits in the trees as food, ate raw meat. And at that time, communication has been a necessary survival skill of them. Just think about thatRead MoreWhat Is The Importance Of Language In The Film Arrival1556 Words   |  7 Pageseveryday lives using language as a means to communicate with others. As individuals communicate, they speak the language but are only taking in what is on the surface. 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How to Prove the Complement Rule in Probability

Several theorems in probability can be deduced from the axioms of probability. These theorems can be applied to calculate probabilities that we may desire to know. One such result is known as the complement rule. This statement allows us to calculate the probability of an event A by knowing the probability of the complement AC. After stating the complement rule, we will see how this result can be proved. The Complement Rule The complement of the event A is denoted by AC. The complement of A is the set of all elements in the universal set, or sample space S, that are not elements of the set A. The complement rule is expressed by the following equation: P(AC) 1 – P(A) Here we see that the probability of an event and the probability of its complement must sum to 1. Proof of the Complement Rule To prove the complement rule, we begin with the axioms of probability. These statements are assumed without proof. We will see that they can be systematically used to prove our statement concerning the probability of the complement of an event. The first axiom of probability is that the probability of any event is a nonnegative real number.The second axiom of probability is that the probability of the entire sample space S is one. Symbolically we write P(S) 1.The third axiom of probability states that If A and B are mutually exclusive ( meaning that they have an empty intersection), then we state the probability of the union of these events as P(A U B ) P(A) P(B). For the complement rule, we will not need to use the first axiom in the list above. To prove our statement we consider the events Aand AC. From set theory, we know that these two sets have empty intersection. This is because an element cannot simultaneously be in both A and not in A. Since there is an empty intersection, these two sets are mutually exclusive. The union of the two events A and AC are also important. These constitute exhaustive events, meaning that the union of these events is all of the sample space S. These facts, combined with the axioms give us the equation 1 P(S) P(A U AC) P(A) P(AC) . The first equality is due to the second probability axiom. The second equality is because the events A and AC are exhaustive. The third equality is because of the third probability axiom. The above equation can be rearranged into the form that we stated above. All that we must do is subtract the probability of A from both sides of the equation. Thus 1 P(A) P(AC) becomes the equation P(AC) 1 – P(A). Of course, we could also express the rule by stating that: P(A) 1 – P(AC). All three of these equations are equivalent ways of saying the same thing. We see from this proof how just two axioms and some set theory go a long way to help us prove new statements concerning probability.

The Risk Factor of Diageo Free Essays

RISK FACTORS Investing in the securities offered using this prospectus involves risk. You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the risks described in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any risk factors included in the prospectus supplement, before you decide to buy our securities. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer, and the trading price and liquidity of the securities offered using this prospectus could decline, in which case you may lose all or part of your investment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Risk Factor of Diageo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Risks Relating to Diageo’s Business You should read â€Å"Risk Factors† in Diageo’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, or similar sections in subsequent filings incorporated by reference in this prospectus, for information on risks relating to Diageo’s business. Risks Relating to Diageo’s Shares Diageo’s shares and American depositary shares may experience volatility which will negatively affect your investment. In recent years most major stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the underlying companies. Accordingly, there could be significant fluctuations in the price of Diageo’s shares and American depositary shares, or ADSs, each representing four ordinary shares, even if Diageo’s operating results meet the expectations of the investment community. In addition, †¢ announcements by Diageo or its competitors relating to operating results, earnings, volume, acquisitions or joint ventures, capital commitments or spending, †¢ changes in financial estimates or investment recommendations by securities analysts, changes in market valuations of other food or beverage companies, †¢ adverse economic performance or recession in the United States or Europe, or †¢ disruptions in trading on major stock markets, could cause the market price of Diageo’s shares and ADSs to fluctuate significantly. Risks Relating to the Debt Securities, W arrants, Purchase Contracts and Units Because Diageo is a holding company and currently conducts its operations through subsidiaries, your right to receive payments on debt securities issued by Diageo or on the guarantees is subordinated to the other liabilities of its subsidiaries. Diageo is organized as a holding company, and substantially all of its operations are carried on through subsidiaries. Diageo plc had guaranteed a total of ? 6,970 million of debt as of June 30, 2008. Diageo’s ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent upon the availability of cash flows from its domestic and foreign subsidiaries and affiliated companies through dividends, intercompany advances, management fees and other payments. Diageo’s subsidiaries are not guarantors of the debt securities we may offer. Moreover, these subsidiaries and affiliated ompanies are not required and may not be able to pay dividends to Diageo. Claims of the creditors of Diageo’s subsidiaries have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over the claims of Diageo. Consequently, in the event of insolvency of Diageo, the claims of holders of notes guaranteed or issued by Diageo would be structurally subordinated to the prior claims of the creditors of subsidiaries of D iageo. 2 Table of Contents In addition, some of Diageo’s subsidiaries are subject to laws restricting the amount of dividends they may pay. For example, subsidiaries of Diageo incorporated under the laws of England and Wales may be restricted by law in their ability to declare dividends due to failure to meet requirements tied to net asset levels or distributable profits. Because the debt securities are unsecured, your right to receive payments may be adversely affected. The debt securities that we are offering will be unsecured. The debt securities are not subordinated to any of our other debt obligations and therefore they will rank equally with all our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. As of June 30, 2008, Diageo group had ? 5 million aggregate principal amount of secured indebtedness outstanding. If Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital, Diageo Finance or Diageo default on the debt securities or Diageo defaults on the guarantees, or in the event of bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, then, to the extent that Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital, Diageo Finance or Diageo have granted security over their assets, the assets that secure these debts will be used to satisfy the obligations under that secured debt before Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital, Diageo Finance or Diageo could make payment on the debt securities or the guarantees, respectively. If there is not enough collateral to satisfy the obligations of the secured debt, then the remaining amounts on the secured debt would share equally with all unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness. Your rights as a holder of debt securities may be inferior to the rights of holders of debt securities issued under a different series pursuant to the indenture. The debt securities are governed by documents called indentures, which are described later under â€Å"Description of Debt Securities and Guarantees†. We may issue as many distinct series of debt securities under the indentures as we wish. We may also issue a series of debt securities under the indentures that provides holders with rights superior to the rights already granted or that may be granted in the future to holders of another series. You should read carefully the specific terms of any particular series of debt securities which will be contained in the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities. Should Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance default on its debt securities, or should Diageo default on the guarantees, your right to receive payments on such debt securities or guarantees may be adversely affected by applicable insolvency laws. Diageo plc is incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Diageo Capital is incorporated under the laws of Scotland and Diageo Finance is incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands. Accordingly, insolvency proceedings with respect to Diageo or Diageo Capital are likely to proceed under, and be governed by, UK insolvency law and insolvency proceedings with respect to Diageo Finance are likely to proceed under, and be governed by, Dutch insolvency law. The procedural and substantive provisions of such insolvency laws are generally more favorable to secured creditors than comparable provisions of United States law. These provisions afford debtors and unsecured creditors only limited protection from the claims of secured creditors and it will generally not be possible for Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance or other unsecured creditors to prevent or delay the secured creditors from enforcing their security to repay the debts due to them under the terms that such security was granted. The debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units lack a developed trading market, and such a market may never develop. Each of Diageo, Diageo Investment, Diageo Capital and Diageo Finance may issue debt securities in different series with different terms in amounts that are to be determined. Debt securities issued by Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance may be listed on the New York Stock Exchange or another 3 Table of Contents recognized stock exchange and we expect that debt securities issued by Diageo Investment will not be listed on any stock exchange. However, there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for any series of debt securities of Diageo, Diageo Capital or Diageo Finance even if we list the series on a securities exchange. Similarly, there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for any warrants issued by Diageo. There can also be no assurance regarding the ability of holders of our debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units to sell their debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units or the price at which such holders may be able to sell their debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units. If a trading market were to develop, the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units could trade at prices that may be higher or lower than the initial offering price and, in the case of debt securities, this may result in a return that is greater or less than the interest rate on the debt security, in each case depending on many factors, including, among other things, prevailing interest rates, Diageo’s financial results, any decline in Diageo’s credit-worthiness and the market for similar securities. Any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units may make a market in the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units as permitted by applicable laws and regulations but will have no obligation to do so, and any such market-making activities may be discontinued at any time. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any trading market for the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units or that an active public market for the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts or units will develop. General Information regarding Foreign Currency Risks This prospectus does not describe all the risks of an investment in debt securities denominated in a currency other than U. S. dollars. You should consult your financial and legal advisors as to any specific risks entailed by an investment in debt securities that are denominated or payable in, or the payment of which is linked to the value of, foreign currency. These debt securities are not appropriate investments for investors who are not sophisticated in foreign currency transactions. The information set forth in this prospectus is directed to prospective purchasers who are United States residents. We disclaim any responsibility to advise prospective purchasers who are residents of countries other than the United States of any matters arising under foreign law that may affect the purchase of or holding of, or receipt of payments on, the debt securities. These persons should consult their own legal and financial advisors concerning these matters. Exchange Rates and Exchange Controls May Affect the Debt Securities’ Value or Return Debt securities Involving Foreign Currencies Are Subject to General Exchange Rate and Exchange Control Risks . An investment in a debt security that is denominated or payable in, or the payment of which is linked to the value of, currencies other than U. S. dollars entails significant risks. These risks include the possibility of significant changes in rates of exchange between the U. S. dollar and the relevant foreign currencies and the possibility of the imposition or modification of exchange controls by either the U. S. or foreign governments. These risks generally depend on economic and political events over which we have no control. Exchange Rates Will Affect Your Investment. In recent years, rates of exchange between U. S. dollars and some foreign currencies have been highly volatile and this volatility may continue in the future. Fluctuations in any particular exchange rate that have occurred in the past are not necessarily indicative, however, of fluctuations that may occur during the term of any debt security. Depreciation against the U. S. dollar of the currency in which a debt security is payable would result in a decrease in the effective yield of the debt security below its coupon rate and could result in an overall loss to you on a U. S. dollar basis. In addition, depending on the specific terms of a currency-linked debt security, 4 Table of Contents changes in exchange rates relating to any of the relevant currencies could result in a decrease in its effective yield and in your loss of all or a substantial portion of the value of that debt security. We Have No Control Over Exchange Rates. Foreign exchange rates can either float or be fixed by sovereign governments. Exchange rates of most economically developed nations are permitted to fluctuate in value relative to the U. S. dollar and to each other. However, from time to time governments may use a variety of techniques, such as intervention by a country’s central bank or the imposition of regulatory controls or taxes, to influence the exchange rates of their currencies. Governments may also issue a new currency to replace an existing currency or alter the exchange rate or relative exchange characteristics by a devaluation or revaluation of a currency. These governmental actions could change or interfere with currency valuations and currency fluctuations that would otherwise occur in response o economic forces, as well as in response to the movement of currencies across borders. As a consequence, these government actions could adversely affect the U. S. dollar-equivalent yields or payouts for (a) debt securities denominated or payable in currencies other than U. S. dollars and (b) currency-linked debt securities. We will not make any adjustment or change in the terms of the debt securities in the event that exchange rates should become fixed, or in the event of any devaluation or revaluation or imposition of exchange or other regulatory controls or taxes, or in the event of other developments affecting the U. S. dollar or any applicable foreign currency. You will bear those risks. Some Foreign Currencies May Become Unavailable. Governments have imposed from time to time, and may in the future impose, exchange controls that could also affect the availability of a specified foreign currency. Even if there are no actual exchange controls, it is possible that the applicable currency for any debt security not denominated in U. S. dollars would not be available when payments on that debt security are due. Alternative Payment Method Used if Payment Currency Becomes Unavailable. If a payment currency is unavailable, we would make required payments in U. S. dollars on the basis of the market exchange rate. However, if the applicable currency for any debt security is not available because the euro has been substituted for that currency, we would make the payments in euro. The mechanisms for making payments in these alternative currencies are explained in â€Å"Description of Debt Securities and Guarantees—Additional Mechanics—Unavailability of Foreign Currency† below. We Will Provide Currency Exchange Information in Prospectus Supplements. The applicable prospectus supplement will include information regarding current applicable exchange controls, if any, and historic exchange rate information for any debt security denominated or payable in a foreign currency or requiring payments that are related to the value of a foreign currency. That information will be furnished only for information purposes. You should not assume that any historic information concerning currency exchange rates will be representative of the range of or trends in fluctuations in currency exchange rates that may occur in the future. Currency Conversions May Affect Payments on Some Debt securities The applicable prospectus supplement may provide for (1) payments on a non-U. S. dollar denominated debt security to be made in U. S. dollars or (2) payments on a U. S. dollar denominated debt security to be made in a currency other than U. S. dollars. In these cases, The Bank of New York Mellon, in its capacity as exchange rate agent, or a different exchange rate agent identified in the prospectus supplement, will convert the currencies. You will bear the costs of conversion through deductions from those payments. 5 How to cite The Risk Factor of Diageo, Papers

Strategic Information System Australian Accounting Association Board

Question: Discuss about the case study Strategic Information System for Australian Accounting Association Board. Answer: Introduction: In the growth or the development of the country, the suitable accounting system plays an important role. The introduction of the Accounting software or packagesis consideredas the successful experiment for the existing accounting system in Australia. In the year 1983, the company In Suit launches the Accounting Software which was helpful in managing the accounts in the computerizedmanner.Xero,MYOB, Cash book complete, Reckon,Saasuand Intuit Quick Books are considered as some of the major accounting systems after the introduction of the new software (AdvisoryHQ Team, 2016). The aim of all these accounting system is to manage andmaintainthe accounts appropriately, so that the most suitable or the required outputcan beobtained easily. The different softwares have their different initiating process. The applications developed for the accounting system helps in providing the suitableassistanceto the accountant in the professionalmanner (Business Management Finance High School, 2014). Development and Adoption The Australian Accounting Association Board (AASB) is responsible for making the suitable accounting system for the development and growth of the country. The specific standards are prepared by the Board to manage the economy of the country and by this system; the existing management related to the accounting system also gets strengthened. Before adopting the software related to the accounting system, there are various aspects introduced in the country. The famous author Eamon Ryan also defined the past, present and future aspects of accounting system in his journal named as the Journal of Global Accounting Alliance GAA. According to Ryan, the bookkeeping software and database management software are also defined for managing the accounts. But, all of them fail in providing the suitable feedback to the organization (Muller, 2015). Every application possesses some drawbacksdueto which the execution and the maintenance of the proper accounting system could not become possible. After th is, the mobile technology related to the accounting system was introduced, through which the easy handling of the accountscan bepossible. But the mobile applications are only helpful in managing the smaller sized organizations. The medium-sized and the larger sized organization possesses the big database, so to keep up that data, the system based accounting software or packagesare introducedwhich are helpful in providing the complete assistance related to the accounting system. Most of the softwaresare basedon the cloud computing system and some of them also preferSAAS. The accounting software or the accounting packagesare designedto manage the accounts related aspects in the organization in awell definedway. The organizations in Australia are continuously switching towards the accounting package to make their work more correct and rapid. To develop an existing accounting system in the country, various rules and policiesare defined by theAustralian securities and the investment commissions (ASICS). The commission helps in providing the suitable approval to the standards managed by the organization. These laws are also helpful in providing help to the customers, employees, stakeholders and the investors (Ryan, 2012). According to the article defined in theBusinesswisewebsite,the suitable comparison between theXero,MYOBandQuickbooksonlineis identified. By this, the most appropriate pricing of the cloud computingcan beidentified. The suitable pricing system will be helpful in making the developmental aspects of the accounting system easier. Current Market Size and Market Leaders The current market size of the country (i.e. Australia) is very wide and financial turnover of the country is also very high. There are various types of business which are contributing in the financial aspects of the country. To manage the aspects and the database of the organization, it is essential to propose such software which can able to offer the suitable help to the organization, and which can help to manage the accounts easily. Currently, the Australian market expands in size, due to which the industryis definedin the mature phase of the life cycle. Due to the increase in business aspects and its expansion, it is essential to introduce such system by which the account management in the countrycan bepossible. By various researches and the market research, itis definedthat there are nearly 3000 small, medium andlarge sizedbusiness executing in Australia,in whichmaximumnumber of employeesare engaged. The different type of studies defines that it is essential to introduce such ac counting system by which the rapid growth of the organization may become possible. According to the article defined in theItwire business paperwhich is written byPeter Dinham, the specific identification of the market leaders in the accounting software are defined. According to the author, now Xero accounting software is considered as the most promising software which is helpful in providing the suitable assistance to the accounting system in Australia. Various organizations are adopting the policies of Xero to manage the accounting system. In comparison to MYOB and QuickBooks online, theorganization is adapting the cloud system defined by the Xero. Xero is the Australian based accounting software system with its headquarters situated in New Zealand (Dinham, 2016). Xero was founded in the year 2006 by Rod Drury and his personal accountant to eradicate the old system of the desktop accounting software. The facility of the cloud based accounting system may be provided to the small and the medium sized companies. The organization is also identified with the name defin ed as the Beautiful Accounting System. Xero is considered as the top most leaders of the accounting system due to all the features possessed by it. The other softwares are also defined in the market, but some of them possess the high price and others are not providing suitable feedback. Xero is considered as the suitable market leader in all aspects like in price, in execution, in reference to the services and many other aspects in comparison to the other accountant service providing softwares (IBISWorld, 2016). Current Gaps or Challenges Encounter The chances of comparison between the simple ledger keeping and the new software system increases after introducing the new accounting software in the country. There are various gaps which are observed between the latest accounting system and the manual book-keeping system. The major gap which can be identified is related to the technical gaps. The latest system is full of technical aspects in comparison to the manual system. Other than this, the other gaps relate to the sharing of the information and management of the accounting software (Maduqne, 2013). The major challenges are defined on the different level. The employees, organizations and the accountants are facing issues on the wide level. The major challenge is related to the management of the software. The accountant of the organization generally has the practice to manage the manual accounting system. To manage the accounting system, it is essential to provide the training to the accountant, which is considered as a quite difficult task. The introduction of the accounting software in the organization needs the suitable financial aspects for the installation. Without installing the software, it is not possible to manage the accounting software. On the organizational level, the challenges are related to the management of the new software in the organization. Its not considered as an easy task to manage the new software. On an organizational level, the specific strategy should be planned in a suitable manner. According to the employees point of view, managing the personal accoun ting and to identify the updates are considered as the tough tasks. So, the employees also want the personal training and mentorship to manage their personal accounting system (Lambert, 2015). Conclusion and Recommendation The complete literature review and articles defined on the particular topic will be helpful in clearing the major aspects related to the accounting software in Australia. There are various literature, journals and the articles defined in reference to the above topic, which are also helpful in evaluating the current topic in the suitable manner. After analyzing the various articles, there are various pros and cons defined for the accounting software system in Australia. The positive aspects which are defined above relate to the positive response, rapid working strategy and it also makes the calculation very easier. In fact, some of the articles also defined that the new accounting software also contributes in managing the economic aspects of the country easily. But with the pros, there are some cons too. To eradicate the cons, there are some recommendations identified. The suitable training should be provided to the accountants, so that they can able to manage the accounts easily. The process of installation should be easier. The easy process will provide the suitable assistance to the employee. By this, the employee can able to install and manage the software. On organizational level, the team members should be well prepared for the software accounting system. The mental stability will make the acceptance easier for the employees. By managing all these aspects the successful accounting software can easily be introduced. Bibliography AdvisoryHQ Team, 2016. 5 Best Small Business Accounting Software in Australia. 5 Best Small Business Accounting Software in Australia. Business Management Finance High School, 2014. History of accounting software most typical used, Available at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/p39rj1q/History-of-accounting-software-most-typical-used-method-in-accounting-was/ Dinham, P., 2016. Xero, Comm Bank collaborate on new bank feeds facility for SMEs. Xero, Comm Bank collaborate on new bank feeds facility for SMEs, 12 July. IBISWorld, 2016. Market Research and Statistical Services in Australia. Market Research and Statistical Services in Australia, June. Lambert, A., 2015. What are the challenges faced by small businesses today?. What are the challenges faced by small businesses today?, Available at: https://www.xero.com/blog/2015/05/challenges-faced-by-small-businesses/ Maduqne, 2013. Problems faced by companies that are using accounting software for their businesses. Problems faced by companies that are using accounting software for their businesses, 13 September. Muller, T., 2015. Comparison: Cloud Accounting Software. [Online] Available at: https://www.businesswise.com.au/cloud-accounting-software-comparison/ Ryan, E., 2012. The evolution of accounting software: Past, present and future. The evolution of accounting software: Past, present and future, 08 October, Available at: https://www.gaaaccounting.com/the-evolution-of-accounting-software-past-present-and-future/